*break*

v. t. [ imp. broke (Obs. Brake); p. p. Broken (Obs. Broke); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking. ] [ OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel. braka to creak, Sw. braka, bräkka to crack, Dan. brække to break, Goth. brikan to break, L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile. ] 1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. [ 1913 Webster ]

Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. [ 1913 Webster ]

Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . .
To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray. Milton [ 1913 Webster ]

5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. [ 1913 Webster ]

Go, release them, Ariel;
My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. [ 1913 Webster ]

The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill. [ 1913 Webster ]

10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax. [ 1913 Webster ]

11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. [ 1913 Webster ]

An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. [ 1913 Webster ]

I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; -- with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend. [ 1913 Webster ]

14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. “To break a colt.” Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute? Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. [ 1913 Webster ]

With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks,
Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. [ 1913 Webster ]

I see a great officer broken. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

With prepositions or adverbs: -- [ 1913 Webster ]

To break down. (a) To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. --
To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. --
To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit. --
To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig. (b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. “Break off thy sins by righteousness.” Dan. iv. 27. --
To break open, to open by breaking. “Open the door, or I will break it open.” Shak. --
To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. --
To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. --
To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. --
To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). “Break up this capon.” Shak. “Break up your fallow ground.” Jer. iv. 3. (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. “Break up the court.” Shak. --
To break (one)
all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [ Colloq. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

With an immediate object: -- [ 1913 Webster ]

To break the back. (a) To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. --
To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars. --
To break a code to discover a method to convert coded messages into the original understandable text. --
To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. --
To break a deer or
To break a stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. --
To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. --
To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom. --
To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. --
To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. --
To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. --
To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. --
To break a jest, to utter a jest. “Patroclus . . . the livelong day breaks scurril jests.” Shak. --
To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. --
To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. --
To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. --
To break no squares, to create no trouble. [ Obs. ] --
To break a path,
road, etc., to open a way through obstacles by force or labor. --
To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. --
To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. 1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag. [ 1913 Webster ]

Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to dawn. [ 1913 Webster ]

The day begins to break, and night is fled. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

And from the turf a fountain broke,
and gurgled at our feet. Wordsworth. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. [ 1913 Webster ]

The clouds are still above; and, while I speak,
A second deluge o'er our head may break. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. To open up; to be scattered; to be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. [ 1913 Webster ]

At length the darkness begins to break. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. [ 1913 Webster ]

See how the dean begins to break;
Poor gentleman! he droops apace. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. [ 1913 Webster ]

He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty. Bacn. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop. [ 1913 Webster ]

10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty. [ 1913 Webster ]

11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. [ 1913 Webster ]

To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited. Collier. [ 1913 Webster ]

With prepositions or adverbs: - [ 1913 Webster ]

To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. [ 1913 Webster ]

Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

To break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. (b) To fail in any undertaking; to halt before successful completion; as, the negotiations broke down due to irreconcilable demands. (c) To cease functioning or to malfunction; as, the car broke down in the middle of the highway. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ] He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray. [ 1913 Webster ] --
To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. “Then shall thy light break forth as the morning.” Isa. lviii. 8; [ 1913 Webster ] often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. “Break forth into singing, ye mountains.” Isa. xliv. 23. [ 1913 Webster ]
To break from, to go away from abruptly. [ 1913 Webster ] This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ] --
To break into, to enter by breaking; as, to break into a house. --
To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. “This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him.” Milton. --
To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. “Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell?” Milton. (b) To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. --
To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. “Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so.” Shak. --
To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. --
To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. “For in the wilderness shall waters break out, and stream in the desert.” Isa. xxxv. 6 (b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on the akin; -- said of a patient. --
To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. --
To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. (b) To disperse. “The company breaks up.” I. Watts. --
To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. --
To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. “It can not be the Volsces dare break with us.” Shak. “If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether.” Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak. [ Obs. ] “I will break with her and with her father.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ See Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the instrument), Breach, Brack a crack. ] 1. An opening made by fracture or disruption. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a building. (b) (Elec.) An opening or displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

All modern trash is
Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. (Teleg.) See Commutator. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. the quality of being easily damaged or destroyed.
Syn. -- fragility. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. Capable of being broken. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Break + away ] [ Australasia ] 1. A wild rush of sheep, cattle, horses, or camels (especially at the smell or the sight of water); a stampede. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. An animal that breaks away from a herd. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

3. an object designed to break off or shatter under impact, as a safety measure. [ PJC ]

4. (Sport) the sudden emergence of one or more players or contestants from a clustered group, rushing toward a goal, as bicyclists in a race, or baketball players after a rebound has been caught. [ PJC ]

n. a West Indian timber tree (Sloanea jamaicensis) having very hard wood.
Syn. -- breakax. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

(Med.) See Dengue. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Elec.) A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a type of solo dancing in which the dancer performs elaborate footwork, pantomime, and various acrobatic movements, such as spinning head stands or spinning on the back, and usually containing much improvization. It was first performed by male teenagers in the 1970's, in small informal groups on the streets, and is often performed to the accompaniment of rap music or other rock music with a rapid, strong beat. -- break" dance`, n. -- break" dan`cer, n. [ PJC ]

n. 1. The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break down. (b) Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time. [ U.S. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a breakdown to wind up with. New Eng. Tales. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. One who, or that which, breaks. [ 1913 Webster ]

I'll be no breaker of the law. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Naut.) A small water cask. Totten. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface. [ 1913 Webster ]

The breakers were right beneath her bows. Longfellow. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. a quarry worker who splits off blocks of stone.
Syn. -- ledgeman. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Break + fast. ] 1. The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal. [ 1913 Webster ]

A sorry breakfast for my lord protector. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A meal after fasting, or food in general. [ 1913 Webster ]

The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breakfasting. ] To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in the day. [ 1913 Webster ]

First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To furnish with breakfast. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. an act of trespassing into a closed structure such as a house or place of busineess for an unlawful purpose, usually as part of a burglary.
Syn. -- housebreaking, breaking and entering. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

adj. 1. p. pr. & vb. n. of break, v. i. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. (Journalism) Still happening or becoming known at the present time; -- used of news reports; as, breaking news; a breaking story. [ PJC ]

n. The act of breaking something.
Syn. -- breakage, break. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. See Brakeman. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. A fall that breaks the neck. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A steep place endangering the neck. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. Any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga.
Syn. -- saxifrage, rockfoil. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. a productive insight.
Syn. -- discovery, find. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. a sudden change of situation, such as making an important discovery, that permits further rapid advances toward a goal. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

3. (Mil.) a penetration of an enemy's defense in depth and strength. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. Disruption; coming apart; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a break-up of a meeting, assembly, or dinner party; the break-up of a spacecraft on re-entry into the atmosphere.
Syn. -- separation, detachment. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

2. the termination of a relationship; a break-up of the government; the break-up of a marriage; the break-up of a business partnership; the break-up of a comedy team.
Syn. -- dissolution. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

n. Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Elec.) A device contained within an electrical circuit designed to interrupt the circuit when the current exceeds a preset value; it is sometimes called a contact breaker. Its function is to prevent fire or damage to the circuit or the devices on the circuit which could be caused by excess current, such as that caused by a short-circuit. It differs from a fuse in not having a conducting element which melts (see 2nd fuse, n.). Circuit breakers are designed to be easily reset, i. e. to reclose the circuit after it has been opened by the circuit breaker; this is usually accomplished by simply moving a switch back and forth. They are commonly used in buildings to protect individual electrical lines, and are often contained in groups within a box called a circuit breaker panel, which divides the current from a main electrical line into multiple circuits each protected by a separate circuit breaker. Less commonly they may be found on individual devices. [ PJC ]

n. A process of discovering the content of an encoded message or the nature of a code{ 5 }. The method used may be surreptitious, or may use sophisticated mathematical and computational techniques to discover the code. [ PJC ]

n. The time of the first appearance of light in the morning. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (basketball) a rapid dash to get a shot at one's own basket as soon as possible after taking possession of the ball; -- often occurring after the opposing team has shot at their basket. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

n. a narrow field that has been cleared to check the spread of a prairie fire or forest fire. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. an escape from jail; same as jailbreak. [ Chiefly Brit. ]
Syn. -- break, breakout, jailbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. The ceremonial breaking of the ground to formally begin a construction project. It is sometimes carried out by an official who digs the first spadeful of dirt from the ground, to begin the preparatory excavation work.
Syn. -- groundbreaking ceremony. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

. (Elec.) An interrupter in which contact is broken by the movement of an automatically vibrating hammer between a contact piece and an electromagnet, or of a rapidly moving piece mechanically driven. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Causing overpowering sorrow. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. to train a pet to live cleanly in a house, especially by training it to defecate and urinate in designated boxes. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. a ship with a reinforced bow and powerful engines designed to break up layers of ice on waterways and keep channels open for navigation.
Syn. -- iceboat. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. A remark or action intended to relieve tension or reduce formality when initiating conversation or beginning a speech; it is often a humorous or light remark. [ PJC ]

{ } n. A breaking in; inroad; invasion. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. an escape from jail; as, five prisoners escaped in a coordinated jailbreak.
Syn. -- break, breakout, gaolbreak, prisonbreak, prison-breaking. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. One who disobeys the law; someone who violates the law; a criminal.
Syn. -- violator, lawbreaker, law breaker, perpetrator. [ 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5 ]

-- Law"break`ing, n. & a. [1913 Webster]

n. 1. an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act.
Syn. -- crime. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

. (Elec.) Any apparatus for making and breaking an electric circuit; a circuit breaker. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. (Zool.) (a) The European nuthatch. (b) The nutcracker. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The violation of an oath; perjury. Shak [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. A bursting forth; eruption; insurrection; mutiny; revolt. “Mobs and outbreaks.” J. H. Newman. [ 1913 Webster ]

The flash and outbreak of a fiery mind. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A sudden beginning of a violent event; as, the outbreak of hostilities between ethnic groups. [ PJC ]

3. A sudden occurrence or manifestation; -- usually of disease or emotion, in one person or a group; as, an outbreak of measles among the students; he had an outbreak of shingles; an outbreak of nervousness in the mob. [ PJC ]