*natural*

n. Participation of the same nature; natural union or connection. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

A congruity and connaturality between them. Sir M. Hale. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To bring to the same nature as something else; to adapt. [ Obs. ] Dr. J. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. By the act of nature; originally; from birth. Sir M. Hale. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Participation of the same nature; natural union. I. Walton. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. Counternatural. ] Opposed to or against nature; unnatural. [ R. ] Bp. Rust. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Contrary to nature. [ R. ] Harvey. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Denaturalized p. pr. & vb. n. Denaturalizing. ] [ Cf. F. dénaturaliser. ] 1. To render unnatural; to alienate from nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To renounce the natural rights and duties of; to deprive of citizenship; to denationalize. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

They also claimed the privilege, when aggrieved, of denaturalizing themselves, or, in other words, of publicly renouncing their allegiance to their sovereign, and of enlisting under the banners of his enemy. Prescott. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. same as denature. [ PJC ]

v. t. To make alien; to deprive of the privileges of birth. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See Nature. ] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential; characteristic; innate; not artificial, foreign, assumed, put on, or acquired; as, the natural growth of animals or plants; the natural motion of a gravitating body; natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural color. [ 1913 Webster ]

With strong natural sense, and rare force of will. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Conformed to the order, laws, or actual facts, of nature; consonant to the methods of nature; according to the stated course of things, or in accordance with the laws which govern events, feelings, etc.; not exceptional or violent; legitimate; normal; regular; as, the natural consequence of crime; a natural death; anger is a natural response to insult. [ 1913 Webster ]

What can be more natural than the circumstances in the behavior of those women who had lost their husbands on this fatal day? Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Having to do with existing system to things; dealing with, or derived from, the creation, or the world of matter and mind, as known by man; within the scope of human reason or experience; not supernatural; as, a natural law; natural science; history, theology. [ 1913 Webster ]

I call that natural religion which men might know . . . by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Conformed to truth or reality; as: (a) Springing from true sentiment; not artificial or exaggerated; -- said of action, delivery, etc.; as, a natural gesture, tone, etc. (b) Resembling the object imitated; true to nature; according to the life; -- said of anything copied or imitated; as, a portrait is natural. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position; not unnatural in feelings. [ 1913 Webster ]

To leave his wife, to leave his babes, . . .
He wants the natural touch. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Connected by the ties of consanguinity. especially, Related by birth rather than by adoption; as, one's natural mother. “Natural friends.” J. H. Newman. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

7. Hence: Begotten without the sanction of law; born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural child. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. Of or pertaining to the lower or animal nature, as contrasted with the higher or moral powers, or that which is spiritual; being in a state of nature; unregenerate. [ 1913 Webster ]

The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. 1 Cor. ii. 14. [ 1913 Webster ]

9. (Math.) Belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to, some system, in which the base is 1; -- said of certain functions or numbers; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, etc., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1. [ 1913 Webster ]

10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. (d) Neither flat nor sharp; -- of a tone. (e) Changed to the pitch which is neither flat nor sharp, by appending the sign ♮; as, A natural. Moore (Encyc. of Music). [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

11. Existing in nature or created by the forces of nature, in contrast to production by man; not made, manufactured, or processed by humans; as, a natural ruby; a natural bridge; natural fibers; a deposit of natural calcium sulfate. Opposed to artificial, man-made, manufactured, processed and synthetic. [ wns=2 ] [ PJC ]

12. Hence: Not processed or refined; in the same statre as that existing in nature; as, natural wood; natural foods. [ PJC ]

Natural day, the space of twenty-four hours. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ] --
Natural fats,
Natural gas, etc. See under Fat, Gas. etc. --
Natural Harmony (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. --
Natural history, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, including the sciences of botany, Zoology, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, chemistry, and physics. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and Zoology collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. --
Natural law, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. --
Natural modulation (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. --
Natural order. (Nat. Hist.) See under order. --
Natural person. (Law) See under person, n. --
Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; the natural sciences; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called physics, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental philosophy and moral philosophy. --
Natural scale (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale. --
Natural science, the study of objects and phenomena existing in nature, especially biology, chemistry, physics and their interdisciplinary related sciences; natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to social science, mathematics, philosophy, mental science or moral science. --
Natural selection (Biol.), the operation of natural laws analogous, in their operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest; the elimination over time of species unable to compete in specific environments with other species more adapted to survival; -- the essential mechanism of evolution. The principle of natural selection is neutral with respect to the mechanism by which inheritable changes occur in organisms (most commonly thought to be due to mutation of genes and reorganization of genomes), but proposes that those forms which have become so modified as to be better adapted to the existing environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out through lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See Darwinism. --
Natural system (Bot. & Zool.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology.

It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions. Gray.

--
Natural theology, or
Natural religion, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under Natural, a., 3. --
Natural vowel, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See Neutral vowel, under Neutral and Guide to Pronunciation, § 17. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

Syn. -- See Native. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. A native; an aboriginal. [ Obs. ] Sir W. Raleigh. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. pl. Natural gifts, impulses, etc. [ Obs. ] Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot. “The minds of naturals.” Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Mus.) A character [ ♮ ] used to contradict, or to remove the effect of, a sharp or flat which has preceded it, and to restore the unaltered note. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. A person who has an innate talent that makes success in some specific endeavor, such as sports, much easier than for others; as, Pele was a natural in soccer. [ PJC ]

n. (Biol.) a group of living organisms classed as a family in a toxonomic classification. [ PJC ]

n. The combustible gas found associated with petroleum deposits, and also in other geological formations, comprised predominantly of methane plus variable other constitutents. It is an important source of energy, and is transported long distances by pipelines, or in a liquefied state in tankers, for commercial distribution. Some natural gas deposits contain helium, and comprise the primary source of that rare element.
Syn. -- gas. [ PJC ]

n. [ Cf. F. naturalisme. ] 1. A state of nature; conformity to nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Metaph.) The doctrine of those who deny a supernatural agency in the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in spiritual influences; also, any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature to a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by one intelligent will. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The theory that art or literature should conform to nature; realism; also, the quality, rendering, or expression of art or literature executed according to this theory. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

4. Specifically: The principles and characteristics professed or represented by a 19th-century school of realistic writers, notably by Zola and Maupassant, who aimed to give a literal transcription of reality, and laid special stress on the analytic study of character, and on the scientific and experimental nature of their observation of life. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

n. [ Cf. F. naturaliste. ] 1. One versed in natural science; a student of natural history, esp. of the natural history of plants or animals; a botanist or zoologist. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

2. One who holds or maintains the doctrine of naturalism in religion. H. Bushnell. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Belonging to the doctrines of naturalism. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Closely resembling nature; realistic. “Naturalistic bit of pantomime.” W. D. Howells. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. naturalitas: cf. F. naturalité. ] Nature; naturalness. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. naturalisation. ] The act or process of naturalizing, esp. of investing an alien with the rights and privileges of a native or citizen; also, the state of being naturalized. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Naturalized p. pr. & vb. n. Naturalizing ] [ Cf. F. naturaliser. See Natural. ] 1. To make natural; as, custom naturalizes labor or study. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen on; to make as if native; to adopt, as a foreigner into a nation or state, and place in the condition of a native subject. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make one's own; as, to naturalize foreign words. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. To adapt; to accustom; to habituate; to acclimate; to cause to grow as under natural conditions. [ 1913 Webster ]

Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate. Hawthorne. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. 1. To become as if native. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To explain phenomena by natural agencies or laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

Infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. 1. Acclimated to a new environment; introduced from another region and persisting without cultivation; -- of plants or animals not native to a location. [ wns=1 & 3 ]
Syn. -- domesticated, nonnative. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. planted randomly in soil so as to give an appearance of wild growth; as, drifts of naturalized daffodils. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

adv. In a natural manner or way; according to the usual course of things; spontaneously. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state or quality of being natural; conformity to nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem., Biochem.) A chemical substance produced by a living organism; -- a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. Such a substance is considered a natural product even if it can be prepared by total synthesis. [ PJC ]

n. (Chem.) That branch of chemistry which deals with the isolation, identification, structure elucidation, and study of the chemical characteristics of chemical substances produced by living organisms. [ PJC ]

. Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or, as wootz, by a direct process from the ore. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

a. Not natural; unnatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. preter + natural. ] Beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural presentation (in childbirth) or labor. [ 1913 Webster ]

This vile and preternatural temper of mind. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- See Supernatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Preternaturalness. [ R. ] Dr. John Smith. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a preternatural manner or degree. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality or state of being preternatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. super- + natural: cf. OF. supernaturel, F. surnaturel. ] Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature; miraculous. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- Preternatural. -- Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe is supernatural. The dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural; the resurrection of the dead is supernatural. “That form which the earth is under at present is preternatural, like a statue made and broken again.” T. Burnet. “Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations; but the miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his apostles were supernatural.” Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

That is supernatural, whether it be, that is either not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the chain. Bushnell. [ 1913 Webster ]

We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as miraculous. McCosh. [ 1913 Webster ]

The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature. “Nature and the supernatural.” H. Bushnell. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, -- in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case. [ Written also supranaturalism. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or pertaining to supernaturalism. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality or state of being supernatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To treat or regard as supernatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a supernatural manner. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The quality or state of being supernatural. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency or revelation; supernaturalism. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A supernaturalist. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Not natural; contrary, or not conforming, to the order of nature; being without natural traits; as, unnatural crimes. [ 1913 Webster ]

Syn. -- See Factitious. [ 1913 Webster ]

-- Un*nat"u*ral*ly, adv. -- Un*nat"u*ral*ness, n. [ 1913 Webster ]