*syn*

n. 1. 1 the relation that exists when things occur at unrelated times.
Syn. -- asynchrony, desynchronization, desynchronisation, desynchronizing. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. [ Gr. &unr_; not + synchronous. ] Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; -- opposed to synchronous.
Syn. -- nonsynchronous, unsynchronized, unsynchronous. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. (Paleontology) occurring in different geologic times; -- of taxa/ synchronous
Syn. -- allochronic [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

3. chronologically misplaced; belonging to a different time or era
Syn. -- anachronic, anachronous, anachronistic [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

4. (Computers) occurring at different speeds in different computers connected by a data transmission link; -- said of methods data of transmission between computers. Opposite of synchronous. [ PJC ]

n. 1. the relation that exists when things occur at unrelated times.
Syn. -- asynchronism, desynchronization, desynchronisation, desynchronizing [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. [ See Asyndeton. ] Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions. -- As`yn*det"ic*al*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]

n. [ L., fr. Gr. &unr_;, fr. &unr_; unconnected; 'a priv. + &unr_; bound together, fr. &unr_;; &unr_; with + &unr_; to bind. ] (Rhet.) A figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I conquered. It stands opposed to polysyndeton. [ 1913 Webster ]

A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times long since past. “The days of auld lang syne.” [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. production of a chemical compound by a living organism.
Syn. -- biogenesis. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

2. the production of chemical substances by use of reagents or enzymes derived from living organisms, in reactions modeled on those observed in living organisms. [ PJC ]

adj. of or pertaining to biosynthesis. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. the state of being or appearing to be actively engaged in an activity; as, they manifested all the busyness of a pack of beavers. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Chemical + synthesis. ] (Plant Physiol.) Synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical changes or reactions. Chemosynthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the nitrite bacteria through the oxidation of ammonia to nitrous acid, and in the nitrate bacteria through the conversion of nitrous into nitric acid. -- Chem`o*syn*thet"ic a. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

v. t. to cause a process to occur at times or in cycles independent of another process. [ PJC ]

n. a process causing an absence of synchronization; the relation that exists when things occur at unrelated times; as, the stimulus produced a desynchronizing of the brain waves.
Syn. -- asynchronism, asynchrony, desynchronization, desynchronisation. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

n. The act of desynonymizing. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To deprive of synonymous character; to discriminate in use; -- applied to words which have been employed as synonyms. Coleridge. Trench. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Med.) A congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21 in some or all cells. It causes a variable number and degree of abnormalities, including retarded growth, mental retardation, a short nose, prominent epicanthic folds on the eyelids, a protruding lower lip, and other physical features having varying degrees of deviation from the normal. Called also mongolism, trisomy-21 and trisomy 21 syndrome. [ PJC ]

adv. In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ LL. eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms, Gr. &unr_; alms. See Alms. ] 1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as, eleemosynary assistance. “Eleemosynary cures.” Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Eleemosynaries One who subsists on charity; a dependent. South.

n. [ Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + E. synclinal. ] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Glazing or glass. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies [ Gr. &unr_;; 'i`dios proper, peculiar + &unr_; a mixing together, fr. &unr_; to mix together; &unr_; with + &unr_; to mix: cf. F. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis. ] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity. [ 1913 Webster ]

The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor.

{ } a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. & n. [ Scot. lang long + syne since. ] Long since; long ago. [ Scot. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L., fr. Gr. mnhmosy`nh remembrance, memory, and the goddess of memory. See Mnemonic. ] (Class Myth.) The goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses. [ 1913 Webster ]

See Auld lang syne. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ L., fr. Gr. &unr_;, from &unr_; to assemble illegally or secretly. ] (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Gr. &unr_;. See Para-, and Synthetic. ] Formed from a compound word. “Parasynthetic derivatives.” Dr. Murray. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Plant Physiol.) The process of constructive metabolism in which green plants utilize the energy of sunlight to manufacture carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll. It was formerly called assimilation, but this is now commonly used as in animal physiology. -- Pho`to*syn*thet"ic a. -- Pho`to*syn*thet"ic*al*ly adv. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

In green plants water is absorbed by the roots and carried to the leaves by the xylem, and carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active energy of light into a latent form that can be stored (in food) and used when needed.
The initial process in photosynthesis is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen, which is released, and hydrogen; direct light is required for this process. The hydrogen and the carbon and oxygen of carbon dioxide (CO2) are then converted into a series of increasingly complex compounds that result finally in a stable organic compound, glucose (C6H12O6 ), and water. This phase of photosynthesis utilizes stored energy and therefore can proceed in the dark. The simplified equation used to represent this overall process is 6CO2+12H2O+energy=C6H12O6+6O2+6H2 O. In general, the results of this process are the reverse of those in respiration, in which carbohydrates are oxidized to release energy, with the production of carbon dioxide and water.
The intermediary reactions before glucose is formed involve several enzymes, which react with the coenzyme ATP (see adenosine triphosphate ) to produce various molecules. Studies using radioactive carbon have indicated that among the intermediate products are three-carbon molecules from which acids and amino acids, as well as glucose, are derived.
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0860378.html

The role of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll contains a hydrophyllic head group and a hydrophobic tail region. A magnesium atom is held in the center of a cyclic, conjugated double bond porphyrin ring which is responsible for absorbing red light. (There also is an absorption band in the blue. Thus red and blue are absorbed and green passes through, giving plants a characteristic green color.)
Light is absorbed by antenna chlorophyll molecules, then transferred to the reaction center chlorophylls. Some hundreds of antenna chlorophyll molecules transfer energy to a reaction center, with transfer times of about 10^-10 sec from the edge of the unit to the center.
The energy from light is used to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space and to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. Flow of H+ back into the stroma releases energy which is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. The chemiosmotic coupling is working here in a similar way to the mechanism of ATP generation used in mitochondria.

Carbon Fixation Carbon fixation is catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP carboxylase), the world's most abundent enzyme.
The
Calvin cycle combines three carbon dioxide molecules into one molecule of three carbon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Some plants, particularly many which live in hot, dry climates, have a mechanism for storing carbon dioxide by combining it with a three carbon molecule to form a four carbon molecule. This pathway is known as the C4 or Hatch-Slack pathway.
https://web.archive.org/web/20011111194455/http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Tom/bil255/bil255sum98/17_photo.html [ PJC ]

a. Characterized by polysyndeton, or the multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly adv. [1913 Webster]

‖n. [ NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &unr_; bound together, fr. &unr_; to bind together; &unr_; with + &unr_; to bind. ] (Rhet.) A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the sentence, “We have ships and men and money and stores.” Opposed to asyndeton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Poly- + synthesis. ] 1. The act or process of combining many separate elements into a whole. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by the combination of several simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination. Latham. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Poly- + synthetic. ] Characterized by polysynthesis; agglutinative. [ 1913 Webster ]

Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated twinning, like that of the triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately reversed positions. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Polysynthesis. [ 1913 Webster ]

[ Gr. sy`n with. ] A prefix meaning with, along with, together, at the same time. Syn- becomes sym- before p, b, and m, and syl- before l. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } n. [ NL. synacme. See Syn-, and Acme. ] (Bot.) Same as Synanthesis. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Of or pertaining to a synagogue. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., from L. synagoga, Gr. &unr_; a bringing together, an assembly, a synagogue, fr. &unr_; to bring together; sy`n with + &unr_; to lead. See Syn-, and Agent. ] 1. A congregation or assembly of Jews met for the purpose of worship, or the performance of religious rites. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The building or place appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The council of, probably, 120 members among the Jews, first appointed after the return from the Babylonish captivity; -- called also the Great Synagogue, and sometimes, though erroneously, the Sanhedrin. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A congregation in the early Christian church. [ 1913 Webster ]

My brethren, . . . if there come into your synagogue a man with a gold ring. James ii. 1, 2 (Rev. Ver.). [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Any assembly of men. [ Obs. or R. ] Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ NL., fr. L. synaloepha, Gr. &unr_;, from &unr_; to melt together; sy`n with + &unr_; to besmear. ] (Gram.) A contraction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diphthong at the end of a word, before another vowel or diphthong; as, th' army, for the army. [ Written also synaloepha. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Gr. &unr_;, from &unr_; a mutual agreement, contract, fr. &unr_; to exchange, negotiate with; sy`n with + &unr_; to change. ] (Law) Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; as, a synallagmatic contract. Bouvier. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ From Gr. &unr_; to associate with. ] (Zool.) Having the outer and middle toes partially united; -- said of certain birds related to the creepers. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ L. ] Same as Synalepha. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n.; pl. Synangia [ NL., fr. Gr. &unr_; + &unr_; a hollow vessel. ] (Anat.) The divided part beyond the pylangium in the aortic trunk of the amphibian heart. -- Syn*an"gi*al a. [1913 Webster]

a. [ Pref. syn- + anther. ] (Bot.) Having the stamens united by their anthers; as, synantherous flowers. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + Gr. 'a`nqhsis bloom. ] (Bot.) The simultaneous maturity of the anthers and stigmas of a blossom. Gray. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Pref. syn- + Gr. 'a`nqos flower. ] (Bot.) Having flowers and leaves which appear at the same time; -- said of certain plants. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ From NL. Synantherae the Compositae; Gr. sy`n with + 'anqh`ros blooming. ] (Chem.) A variety of sugar, isomeric with sucrose, found in the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), in the dahlia, and other Compositae. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. Gr. synapto`s fastened together; sy`n with + 'a`ptein to fasten. ] (Zool.) A genus of slender, transparent holothurians which have delicate calcareous anchors attached to the dermal plates. See Illustration in Appendix. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. &unr_; fastened together + diastase. ] (Chem.) A ferment resembling diastase, found in bitter almonds. Cf. Amygdalin, and Emulsin. [ 1913 Webster ]