*philos*

n. [ L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre. ] A pretender to philosophy. [ Obs. ] Dr. H. More. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to philosophize. ] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [ Obs. ] Barrow. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [ Obs. ] Sir W. Petty. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., a philosopher. ] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [ R. ] Carlyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. filoso`fhma, from filosofei^n to love knowledge. ] A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. filo`sofos; fi`los loving + sofo`s wise. Cf. Philosophy. ] 1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy. [ 1913 Webster ]

Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. An alchemist. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as the instrument of converting the baser metals into gold. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique. ] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv. [1913 Webster]

n. [ Cf. F. philosophisme. ] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. F. philosophiste. ] A pretender in philosophy. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Philosophized p. pr. & vb. n. hilosophizing ] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence. [ 1913 Webster ]

Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who philosophizes. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Philosophies [ OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. filosofi`a. See Philosopher. ] 1. Literally, the love of, inducing the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ “Philosophy has been defined: -- the science of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the science of the absolute indifference of the ideal and real.” Sir W. Hamilton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained. [ 1913 Webster ]

[ Books ] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy. [ 1913 Webster ]

Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. Reasoning; argumentation. [ 1913 Webster ]

Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. A treatise on philosophy. [ 1913 Webster ]

Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. --
Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. --
Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. --
Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Gr. filostorgi`a; fi`los loving + storgh` affection. ] Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Physico- + philosophy. ] The philosophy of nature. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Gr. &unr_; God + E. philosophic. ] Combining theism and philosophy, or pertaining to the combination of theism and philosophy. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ 1st pref. un- + philosophize. ] To degrade from the character of a philosopher. [ R. ] Pope. [ 1913 Webster ]