*chur*

‖n. [ F., fr. brocher to stitch. See Broach, v. t. ] A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet; a single sheet folded to make four pages. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

{ , n. [ See Chirm. ] Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ See Chop to barter. ] (Old Eng. Law) An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [ Cant ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. kyriako`n the Lord's house, fr. kyriako`s concerning a master or lord, fr. ky`rios master, lord, fr. ky^ros power, might; akin to Skr. çūra hero, Zend. çura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. A building set apart for Christian worship. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [ Obs. ] Acts xix. 37. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. “When they had ordained them elders in every church.” Acts xiv. 23. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian church. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. The collective body of Christians. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of Brahm. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil. [ 1913 Webster ]

Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Church is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church history; church member; church music, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

Apostolic church. See under Apostolic. --
Broad church. See Broad Church. --
Catholic church or
Universal church, the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world. --
Church of England, or
English church, the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law. --
Church living, a benefice in an established church. --
Church militant. See under Militant. --
Church owl (Zool.), the white owl. See Barn owl. --
Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. --
Church session. See under Session. --
Church triumphant. See under Triumphant. --
Church work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion. --
Established church, the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Churched p. pr. & vb. n. Churching. ] To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used. Wright. Nares. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A seat in the porch of a church. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The institution, government, or authority of a church. [ R. ] Bp. Pearson. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who attends church. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Habitually attending church. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Summoning to church. [ 1913 Webster ]

The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Church + haw a yard. ] Churchyard. [ Obs. ] Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Without a church. T. Fuller. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Regard for the church. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Churchmen 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. “A zealous churchman.” Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. One was is attached to, or attends, church. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Mus.) The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See Gregorian. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. State of being a church. South. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [ Slang, Eng. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The office of a churchwarden. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [ Colloq. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery. [ 1913 Webster ]

Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.

Syn. -- Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery; God's acre. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jāra lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain. ] 1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. “A peasant or churl.” Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth
Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor. [ 1913 Webster ]

A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard. [ 1913 Webster ]

Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Churlish; rough; selfish. [ Obs. ] Ford. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. “Churlish benefits.” Ld. Burleigh. [ 1913 Webster ]

Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals. Boyle. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. In a churlish manner. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t. ] A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separate the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Churned p. pr. & vb. n. Churning. ] [ OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen, Dan. kierne, Sw. kärna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel. ] 1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. To shake or agitate with violence. [ 1913 Webster ]

Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. i. To perform the operation of churning. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. agitated vigorously; -- of a liquid.
Syn. -- churning, roiling, roiled, roily, turbulent. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. 1. The act of one who churns. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The quantity of butter made at one operation. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cf. Chirr. ] A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects, as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge, etc. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Churred p. pr. & vb. n. Churr"ing.] To make a churr, as a cockchafer.

That's the churring of the nightjar. Hall Caine. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

v. t. To utter by churring. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ Hind. charas. ] A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn. ] (Zool.) An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; -- called also fan cricket. Johnson. [ 1913 Webster ]

. The native church of Egypt or church of Alexandria, which in general organization and doctrines resembles the Roman Catholic Church, except that it holds to the Monophysitic doctrine which was condemned (a. d. 451) by the council of Chalcedon, and allows its priests to marry. The “pope and patriarch” has jurisdiction over the Abyssinian Church. Since the 7th century the Coptic Church has been so isolated from modifying influences that in many respects it is the most ancient monument of primitive Christian rites and ceremonies. But centuries of subjection to Moslem rule have weakened and degraded it. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ F. ] The outward opening of a river, of a valley, or of a strait. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. To deprive of status as a church, or of membership in a church. Bp. Hall. [ 1913 Webster ]

. That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them. Its full official title is The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church. It became estranged from the Western, or Roman, Church over the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque, and a separation, begun in the latter part of the 9th century, became final in 1054. The Eastern Church consists of twelve (thirteen if the Bulgarian Church be included) mutually independent churches (including among these the Hellenic Church, or Church of Greece, and the Russian Church), using the vernacular (or some ancient form of it) in divine service and varying in many points of detail, but standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a great federation. The highest five authorities are the patriarch of Constantinople, or ecumenical patriarch (whose position is not one of supremacy, but of precedence), the patriarch of Alexandria, the patriarch of Jerusalem, the patriarch of Antioch, and the Holy Synod of Russia. The Eastern Church accepts the first seven ecumenical councils (and is hence styled only schismatic, not heretical, by the Roman Catholic Church), has as its creed the Niceno-Constantinopolitan (without the later addition of the filioque, which, with the doctrine it represents, the church decisively rejects), baptizes infants with trine immersion, makes confirmation follow immediately upon baptism, administers the Communion in both kinds (using leavened bread) and to infants as well as adults, permits its secular clergy to marry before ordination and to keep their wives afterward, but not to marry a second time, selects its bishops from the monastic clergy only, recognizes the offices of bishop, priest, and deacon as the three necessary degrees of orders, venerates relics and icons, and has an elaborate ritual. See also Greek Church, under Greek. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ F., fr. emboucher to put to the mouth; pref. em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. Embouge, Debouch. ] 1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Mus.) (a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument. (b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute player has a good embouchure. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching. ] (Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Same as Hachure. [ 1913 Webster ]