*cell*

1. (Bot.) A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Anat.) A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. An amoebalike protozoan with a chitinous shell resembling an umbrella. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

prop. n. A natural family of soil and freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan.
Syn. -- family Arcellidae. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Cf. Ger. erzkanzler. See Arch-, pref. ] A chief chancellor; -- an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. bis twice + ocellatus. See Ocellated. ] (Zool.) Having two ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

(Elec.) A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

a. Cancellarean. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See Cancel, v. t. ] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plants; latticelike. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing at right angles. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Crossbarred; marked with cross lines. Grew. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some porous bones. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation. ] 1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Math.) The operation of striking out common factors, in both the dividend and divisor. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. pl. [ L., a lattice. See Cancel, v. t. ] 1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the chancel and the nave of a church, or in a window. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular extremities. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. L. cancellosus covered with bars. ] (Anat.) Having a spongy or porous structure; made up of cancelli; cancellated; as, the cancellous texture of parts of many bones. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to hide, and E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall. ] 1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit. [ 1913 Webster ]

The heroic confessor in his cell. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent. “Cells or dependent priories.” Milman. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Any small cavity, or hollow place. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Arch.) (a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same as Cella. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Elec.) A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Biol.) One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called unicelluter orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the amœba, and in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting. See Illust. of Bipolar. [ 1913 Webster ]

Air cell. See Air cell. --
Cell development (called also cell genesis, cell formation, and cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the following common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See Segmentation, Gemmation, etc. --
Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under Cellular. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Celled ] To place or inclose in a cell. “Celled under ground.” [ R. ] Warner. [ 1913 Webster ]

‖n. [ L. ] (Arch.) The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. celer, OF. celier, F. celier, fr. L. cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom. See Cell. ] A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar. Sir W. Scott. [ 1913 Webster ]

You hear this fellow in the cellarage. Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Chare for storage in a cellar. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ LL. cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius steward: cf. F. cellérier. See Cellar. ] (Eccl.) A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring and keeping the provisions. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Dim of cellar. ] A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with metal. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Same as Cellarer. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Containing a cell or cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. cella cell + porus, Gr. &unr_;, passage. ] (Zool.) A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the Bryozoa. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cell + -ferous. ] Bearing or producing cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. resembling a cell. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

‖n.; pl. E. Cellos It. Celli A contraction for Violoncello. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. a transparent paper-like product made of regenerated cellulose, produced in sheets and rolls, which is impervious to moisture and germs, and which is used to wrap candy, cigarettes, and a wide variety of other products for distribution and retail sale; as, a pack of cigarettes in a cellophane wrapper. [ WordNet 1.5 +PJC ]

a. [ L. cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire. See Cellule. ] 1. Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. porous; containing cavities. [ PJC ]

3. pertaining to or using a system of transmission of telephone signals by radio, in which areas are divided into geographical parts (cells), each of which is served by a transmitter whose range is limited to that region, thus permitting a single transmission frequency to be used simulataneously in different parts of the same area. Cellular telephones are typically small and battery powered, allowing a subscriber with such a telephone to carry the telephone in a pocket or purse, over the entire area served, and to be contacted by a single telephone number. The system became widespread and popular in the 1980's and 1990's; as, cellular telephones sometimes lose their link unpredictably. [ PJC ]

Cellular plants,
Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and algæ. --
Cellular theory, or
Cell theory (Biol.), a theory, according to which the essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and organs which, both in plants and animals, are to be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each other. --
Cellular tissue. (a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive. (b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or ducts. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. the state of having cells. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

a. Cellular. Caldwell. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella: cf. F. cellule. See Cell. ] A small cell. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. cellula + -ferous. ] Bearing or producing little cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. small lumpy deposits of body fat esp. on women's thighs and buttocks. Not used as a technical term. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

‖n. [ NL., fr. L. cellula + -itis. ] An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately beneath the skin. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Cellulose + -oid. ] A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; -- originally called xylonite. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Consisting of, or containing, cells. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) The substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, cotton, linen, paper, etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n, isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose, Lignin. [ 1913 Webster ]

Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure cellulose. Goodale. [ 1913 Webster ]

Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin. Goodale. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. of or containing or made from cellulose.
Syn. -- cellulosic. [ WordNet 1.5 ]

n. [ Cf. Chancery. ] Chancellorship. [ Obs. ] Gower. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ OE. canceler, chaunceler, F. chancelier, LL. cancellarius chancellor, a director of chancery, fr. L. cancelli lattices, crossbars, which surrounded the seat of judgment. See Chancel. ] A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the United States is distinctively a court with equity jurisdiction. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman empire this office passed to the church, and every bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. In later times, in most countries of Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state, keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the supervision of all charters, and like public instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or assize. In the present German empire, the chancellor is the president of the federal council and the head of the imperial administration. In the United States, the title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery or equity, established by the statutes of separate States. Blackstone. Wharton. [ 1913 Webster ]

Chancellor of a bishop or
Chancellor of a diocese (R. C. Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the bishop's court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter of ecclesiastical law. --
Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with special reference to the cultivation of theology. --
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction. --
Chancellor of a university, the chief officer of a collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice chancellor. --
Chancellor of the exchequer, a member of the British cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the government. --
Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other military orders), an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts under the seal of their order. --
Lord high chancellor of England, the presiding judge in the court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the crown, and the first lay person of the state after the blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper. He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the House of Lords by prescription. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The office of a chancellor; the time during which one is chancellor. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ or }. A cellar or excavation used for refuge from a cyclone, or tornado. [ Middle U. S. ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

‖n. [ Sp., lit., a maid. Cf. Damsel. ] (Zool.) A handsome fish of Florida and the West Indies (Platyglossus radiatus). The name is applied also to the ladyfish (Harpe rufa) of the same region. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. excellence, L. excellentia. ] 1. The quality of being excellent; state of possessing good qualities in an eminent degree; exalted merit; superiority in virtue. [ 1913 Webster ]

Consider first that great
Or bright infers not excellence. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. An excellent or valuable quality; that by which any one excels or is eminent; a virtue. [ 1913 Webster ]

With every excellence refined. Beattie. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A title of honor or respect; -- more common in the form excellency. [ 1913 Webster ]

I do greet your excellence
With letters of commission from the king. Shak.

Syn. -- Superiority; preëminence; perfection; worth; goodness; purity; greatness. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. Excellencies 1. Excellence; virtue; dignity; worth; superiority. [ 1913 Webster ]

His excellency is over Israel. Ps. lxviii. 34. [ 1913 Webster ]

Extinguish in men the sense of their own excellency. Hooker. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A title of honor given to certain high dignitaries, esp. to viceroys, ministers, and ambassadors, to English colonial governors, etc. It was formerly sometimes given to kings and princes. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ F. excellent, L. excellens, -entis, p. pr. of excellere. See Excel. ] 1. Excelling; surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in a good sense; superior; as, an excellent man, artist, citizen, husband, discourse, book, song, etc.; excellent breeding, principles, aims, action. [ 1913 Webster ]

To love . . .
What I see excellent in good or fair. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Superior in kind or degree, irrespective of moral quality; -- used with words of a bad significance. [ Obs. or Ironical ] “An excellent hypocrite.” Hume. [ 1913 Webster ]

Their sorrows are most excellent. Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- Worthy; choice; prime; valuable; select; exquisite; transcendent; admirable; worthy. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. Excellently; eminently; exceedingly. [ Obs. ] “This comes off well and excellent.” Shak. [ 1913 Webster ]

adv. 1. In an excellent manner; well in a high degree. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. In a high or superior degree; -- in this literal use, not implying worthiness. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

When the whole heart is excellently sorry. J. Fletcher. [ 1913 Webster ]

adj. located or occurring outside of a living cell or cells; as, extracellular fluid. Opposite of intracellular. [ WordNet 1.5 ]