*volut*

n. [ See Circumvolve. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. The act of rolling round; the state of being rolled. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A thing rolled round another. Arbuthnot. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. A roundabout procedure; a circumlocution. [ 1913 Webster ]

He had neither time nor temper for sentimental circumvolutions. Beaconsfield. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. convolutus, p. p. of convolvere. See Convolve. ] (Bot.) Rolled or wound together, one part upon another; -- said of the leaves of plants in æstivation. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. 1. Having convolutions. [ 1913 Webster ]

beaks recurved and convoluted like a ram's horn. Pennant. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Folded in tortuous windings. [ 1913 Webster ]

A highly convoluted brain. North Amer. Rev. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon another; a winding motion. [ 1913 Webster ]

O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift,
The feathered eddy floats. Thomson. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of something rolled or folded upon itself. Blackmore. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Anat.) An irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or part; as, the convolutions of the intestines; the cerebral convolutions. See Brain. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ L. devolutus, p. p. of devolvere. See Devolve. ] To devolve. [ Obs. ] Foxe. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ LL. devolutio: cf. F. dévolution. ] 1. The act of rolling down. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

The devolution of earth down upon the valleys. Woodward. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Transference from one person to another; a passing or devolving upon a successor. [ 1913 Webster ]

The devolution of the crown through a . . . channel known and conformable to old constitutional requisitions. De Quincey. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. evolutus unrolled, p. p. of evolvere. See Evolve. ] (Geom.) A curve from which another curve, called the involute or evolvent, is described by the end of a thread gradually wound upon the former, or unwound from it. See Involute. It is the locus of the centers of all the circles which are osculatory to the given curve or evolvent. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ Any curve may be an evolute, the term being applied to it only in its relation to the involute. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ See Evolution. ] (Biol.) The faculty possessed by all substances capable of self-nourishment of manifesting the nutritive acts by changes of form, of volume, or of structure. Syd. Soc. Lex. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. evolutio an unrolling: cf. F. évolution evolution. See Evolve. ] 1. The act of unfolding or unrolling; hence, any process of growth or development; as, the evolution of a flower from a bud, or an animal from the egg. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. “The whole evolution of ages.” Dr. H. More. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Geom.) The formation of an involute by unwrapping a thread from a curve as an evolute. Hutton. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Arith. & Alg.) The extraction of roots; -- the reverse of involution. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Mil. & Naval) A prescribed movement of a body of troops, or a vessel or fleet; any movement designed to effect a new arrangement or disposition; a maneuver. [ 1913 Webster ]

Those evolutions are best which can be executed with the greatest celerity, compatible with regularity. Campbell. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Biol.) A general name for the history of the steps by which any living organism has acquired the morphological and physiological characters which distinguish it; a gradual unfolding of successive phases of growth or development. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Biol.) That theory of generation which supposes the germ to preëxist in the parent, and its parts to be developed, but not actually formed, by the procreative act; -- opposed to epigenesis. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. (Metaph.) That series of changes under natural law which involves continuous progress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and from the single and simple to the diverse and manifold in quality or function. The process is by some limited to organic beings; by others it is applied to the inorganic and the psychical. It is also applied to explain the existence and growth of institutions, manners, language, civilization, and every product of human activity. The agencies and laws of the process are variously explained by different philosophrs. [ 1913 Webster ]

Evolution is to me series with development. Gladstone. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Relating to evolution. “Evolutional changes.” H. Spenser. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Relating to evolution; as, evolutionary discussions. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The theory of, or belief in, evolution. See Evolution, 6 and 7. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. 1. One skilled in evolutions. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. One who holds the doctrine of evolution, either in biology or in metaphysics. Darwin. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The changes in the methods of production as well as the resulting changes in economic and social organization accompanying the replacement of hand labor by power-driven machinery. It started in England in about 1760, and spread to other countries with very varying time lags. The introduction of powered machinery such as the steam engine and power loom led to the concentration of large areas of manufacturing in large companies, and made some goods more plentiful and cheaper by mechanical production and economies of scale. [ PJC ]

n. The state of being intervolved or coiled up; a convolution; as, the intervolutions of a snake. Hawthorne. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Geom.) A curve traced by the end of a string wound upon another curve, or unwound from it; -- called also evolvent. See Evolute. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ L. involutus, p. p. of involvere. See Involve. ] 1. (Bot.) Rolled inward from the edges; -- said of leaves in vernation, or of the petals of flowers in æstivation. Gray. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) (a) Turned inward at the margin, as the exterior lip of the Cyprea. (b) Rolled inward spirally. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. involutio: cf. F. involution. See Involve. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. The act of involving or infolding. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. The state of being entangled or involved; complication; entanglement. [ 1913 Webster ]

All things are mixed, and causes blended, by mutual involutions. Glanvill. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. That in which anything is involved, folded, or wrapped; envelope. Sir T. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Gram.) The insertion of one or more clauses between the subject and the verb, in a way that involves or complicates the construction. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Math.) The act or process of raising a quantity to any power assigned; the multiplication of a quantity into itself a given number of times; -- the reverse of evolution. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. (Geom.) The relation which exists between three or more sets of points, a.a′, b.b′, c.c′, so related to a point O on the line, that the product Oa.Oa′ = Ob.Ob′ = Oc.Oc′ is constant. Sets of lines or surfaces possessing corresponding properties may be in involution. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Med.) The return of an enlarged part or organ to its normal size, as of the uterus after pregnancy. [ 1913 Webster ]

{ } a. [ L. obvolutus, p. p. of obvolvere to wrap round; ob (see Ob-) + volvere to roll. ] Overlapping; contorted; convolute; -- applied primarily, in botany, to two opposite leaves, each of which has one edge overlapping the nearest edge of the other, and secondarily to a circle of several leaves or petals which thus overlap. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See Revolve. ] (Bot. & Zool.) Rolled backward or downward. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with revolute margins has the edges rolled under, as in the Andromeda polifilia. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. révolution, L. revolutio. See Revolve. ] 1. The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral. [ 1913 Webster ]

That fear
Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution,
On my defenseless head. Milton. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events. “The short revolution of a day.” Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. (Astron.) The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is usually called rotation. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. (Geom.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living. [ 1913 Webster ]

The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a complete revolution throughout the department. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Politics) A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed. [ 1913 Webster ]

The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has produced them. Macaulay. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in 1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775, by which the English colonies, since known as the United States, secured their independence. (c) The revolution in France in 1789, commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of 1830, of 1848, etc. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A revolutionist. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a revolutionary. Prof. Wilson. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ Cf. F. révolutionnaire. ] Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist. Smollett. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution. Burke. [ 1913 Webster ]

v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed p. pr. & vb. n. Revolutionizing ] To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize a government. Ames. [ 1913 Webster ]

The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul. J. M. Mason. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. [ Obs. ] Feltham. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Evolution of one's self; development by inherent quality or power. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Involution in one's self; hence, abstraction of thought; reverie. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the uterus. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. [ L. supervolutus, p. p. of supervolvere to roll over; super over + volvere to roll. ] (Bot.) Having a plaited and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in the morning-glory. [ 1913 Webster ]

n.; pl. E. Volutas L. Volutae [ L., a spiral scroll. See Volute. ] (Zool.) Any one of numerous species of large, handsome marine gastropods belonging to Voluta and allied genera. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ L. volutatio, from volutare to roll, wallow, verb freq. volvere, volutum, to roll. ] A rolling of a body; a wallowing. [ R. ] Sir T. Browne. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ F. volute (cf. It. voluta), L. voluta, from volvere, volutum, to roll. See Voluble. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

1. (Arch.) A spiral scroll which forms the chief feature of the Ionic capital, and which, on a much smaller scale, is a feature in the Corinthian and Composite capitals. See Illust. of Capital, also Helix, and Stale. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Zool.) A spiral turn, as in certain shells. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. (Zool.) Any voluta. [ 1913 Webster ]

Volute spiring, a spring formed of a spiral scroll of plate, rod, or wire, extended or extensible in the direction of the axis of the coil, in which direction its elastic force is exerted and employed. [ 1913 Webster ]

a. Having a volute, or spiral scroll. [ 1913 Webster ]