(n)a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard; intended to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the government it resulted in purges of the intellectuals and socioeconomic chaos, Syn.Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
[四人帮 / 四人幫, sì rén bāng, ㄙˋ ㄖㄣˊ ㄅㄤ]Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青, Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋, Yao Wenyuan 姚文元, Wang Hongwen 王洪文, who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution#8300[Add to Longdo]
[走资派 / 走資派, zǒu zī pài, ㄗㄡˇ ㄗ ㄆㄞˋ]capitalist-roader; person in power taking the capitalist road, a political label often pinned on cadres by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution#22199[Add to Longdo]
[彭德怀 / 彭德懷, Péng Dé huái, ㄆㄥˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ]Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive persecution during the Cultural Revolution#25831[Add to Longdo]
[贺龙 / 賀龍, Hè Lóng, ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ]He Long (1896-1969), important communist military leader, died from persecution during the Cultural Revolution#26891[Add to Longdo]
[批斗 / 批鬥, pī dòu, ㄆㄧ ㄉㄡˋ](during the cultural revolution) to criticize and denounce sb publicly for their errors (often imaginary)#32942[Add to Longdo]
[吴晗 / 吳晗, Wú Hán, ㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ]Wu Han (1909-1969), historian, author of biography of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, hounded to his death together with several members of his family during the cultural revolution#41976[Add to Longdo]
[康生, Kāng Shēng, ㄎㄤ ㄕㄥ]Kang Sheng (1896-1975), Chinese communist leader, a politburo member during the Cultural Revolution and posthumously blamed for some of its excesses#43007[Add to Longdo]
[周作人, Zhōu Zuò rén, ㄓㄡ ㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄖㄣˊ]Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun 魯迅|鲁迅, academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution#46385[Add to Longdo]
[邓拓 / 鄧拓, Dèng tuò, ㄉㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄛˋ]Deng Tuo (1912-1966), sociologist and journalist, died under persecution at the start of the Cultural Revolution; wrote under the pen name Ma Nancun 馬南邨|马南邨#48956[Add to Longdo]
[三家村, Sān jiā cūn, ㄙㄢ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄘㄨㄣ]lit. village of three households; name of essay column in Beijing newspaper from 1961-1966, written by Deng Tuo 鄧拓|邓拓, Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗 and Liao Mosha 廖沫沙, criticized as anti-party during the Cultural Revolution#65243[Add to Longdo]
[郭小川, Guō Xiǎo chuān, ㄍㄨㄛ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄔㄨㄢ]Guo Xiaochuan (1919-1976), PRC communist poet, hero in the war with Japan, died after long persecution during Cultural Revolution#96433[Add to Longdo]
[血统论 / 血統論, xuè tǒng lùn, ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ]class division into proletariat and bourgeoisie class enemy, in use esp. during the cultural revolution#114093[Add to Longdo]
[廖沫沙, Liào Mò shā, ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄕㄚ]Liao Mosha (1907-1990), journalist and communist propagandist, severely criticized and imprisoned for 10 years during the Cultural Revolution#117346[Add to Longdo]
[韩爱晶 / 韓愛晶, Hán Ài jīng, ㄏㄢˊ ㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄥ]Han Aijing (1945-), notorious red guard leader during Cultural Revolution, spent 15 years in prison for imprisoning and torturing political leaders#255029[Add to Longdo]
[邓小平理论 / 鄧小平理論, Dèng xiǎo píng lǐ lùn, ㄉㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄨㄣˋ]Deng Xiaoping theory; the foundation of PRC economic development after the cultural revolution, building the capitalist economy within Chinese communist party control[Add to Longdo]