isom

n. [ Iso- + -mere. ] (Zool.) 1. A homologous or corresponding part or segment. [ Webster 1913 Suppl. ]

2. (Chem.) same as Isomer. [ archaic ] [ Webster 1913 Suppl. +PJC ]

a. [ Iso- + Gr. me`ros part: cf. F. isomérique. ] (Chem.) Having the same chemical composition and molecular weight; having the same number of atoms of each kind in the molecule; -- said of chemical compounds with known chemical composition. This property used to be called metameric to distinguish it from other forms of isomerism. [ PJC ]

☞ Formerly the term isomeric applied also to comopounds having the same percentage chemical composition, even if the number of atoms in a molecule differed. In the 1913 dictionary isomeric was defined as:
“Having the same percentage composition; -- said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but with a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric.” [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) An isomer. [ R. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

n. (Chem.) The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances. [ 1913 Webster ]

Physical isomerism (Chem.), a former term for optical isomerism.
optical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (isomeric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids, or the sugars galactose and glucose. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom and typically more than one. See Unsymmetrical. [ 1913 Webster +PJC ]

n. [ Isomer + Gr. morfh` form + -ism. ] (Crystallog.) Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.

{ } a. [ Iso- + Gr. me`tron measure. ] 1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Crystallog.) Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. Of or pertaining to isometrics. [ PJC ]

Isometric lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant. --
Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective. --
Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A system of exercise to strengthen specific muscles of the body by pushing parts of the body (such as the two hands) strongly against each other, or against a fixed object, so that the muscles are strongly stressed, but are stretched only a little. It is claimed to produce strength in the muscles thus exercised. Also called isometrics. [ PJC ]

n. Same as isometric exercise. [ PJC ]