- (v5r,vi) (1) (uk) to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain; (2) to result in; to prove to be; (3) to consist of; to be composed of; (4) to succeed; to be complete; (5) to change into; to be exchanged for; (6) (See 成り済ます) to play a role; (7) to be promoted (shogi); (v5r) (8) (hon) (as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.) to do ...; (P)[edict]
- (v5r,vi) (uk) to bear fruit; (P)[edict]
- (v5r,vi) to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble; (P)[edict]
- (exp) (1) (See ませんか) (used to ask a question in the negative) won't (hasn't, isn't, doesn't, etc.); (2) (used to make invitations, express desires or give indirect commands) won't you[edict]
- (conj,aux) (1) (See ない) without doing ...; (aux) (2) used in sentence-final position as an indirect prohibition[edict]
- (suf) inside; within[edict]
- (adj-i) (See 無い) dead[edict]
- (adj-i) (1) (uk) (See 亡い) nonexistent; not being (there); (2) unpossessed; unowned; not had; (3) (See またとない) unique; (4) (as ...ことがない, etc.) indicates negation, inexperience, unnecessariness or impossibility; (aux-adj) (5) (See ない) (after the ren'youkei form of an adjective) not ...; (6) (after the -te form of a verb) to not be...; to have not ...; (P)[edict]
- (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P)[edict]
- (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P)[edict]
- (exp) if it's the case; (P)[edict]
- (prt) even[edict]
- (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P)[edict]
- (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P)[edict]
- (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend[edict]
- (n) undercut (of a machined edge)[edict]
- (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse[edict]
- (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching[edict]
- (aux-v) (1) (non-五段 verbs, e.g. 食べよう) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation[edict]
- (exp,prt) (compound particle used at sentence-end) ...isn't that right?[edict]
- (adv,prt) (1) from; out of; since; at; (2) than; (3) other than; except; but; (4) more; (P)[edict]
- (n) world; society; age; generation; (P)[edict]
- (n) (arch) space between two nodes (on bamboo, etc.)[edict]
- (n,suf) (1) (余 only) (also written as 餘) (See 以上・1) over; more than; (pn,adj-no) (2) (arch) formal or oratory first person pronoun; I[edict]