なん
雰囲気
てる
なあ
思っ
まし
言わ
ああ
そうそう
です
確か
ZZ
TOP
って
こう
いう
感じ
でし
รายการคำศัพท์
なん
  • (exp,suf) things like ...; or something like that ... (often derogatory); (P)[edict]
  • (prt,n-suf) (col) (See 等・など) et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth[edict]
  • (suf) (1) (See 何て) such as; (things) like; (2) exclamation; (P)[edict]
  • (adj-t,adv-to) soft[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) difficulty; hardships; defect; (P)[edict]
  • (n) cawing (of a crow)[edict]
  • (prt) (fam) marks yes-no question; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (ksb[edict]
  • (prt) interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (abbr) (See かもしれない) may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly[edict]
  • (prt) (See か,よ) sentence-ending particle expressing doubt[edict]
  • (prt) (1) from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; (2) from (originator); (3) because; (4) out of (constituent, part); (5) through (e.g. window, vestibule); (6) after; since (following te-form verb); (P)[edict]
  • (suf) under (being in said condition or environment)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 化する) action of making something; -ification[edict]
  • (adj-na,n) beautiful; good; excellent[edict]
  • (n) (1) addition; increase; (2) (abbr) (See 加奈陀) Canada; (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair; (P)[edict]
  • (n) Xia (dynasty of China; perhaps mythological)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 政治家) -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.); -er[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) department; section; (2) (taxonomical) family; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (1) {Buddh} (See 因・2) phala (attained state, result); (2) {Buddh} (See 悟り・2) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); (3) (See 果物) fruit; (ctr) (4) counter for pieces of fruit[edict]
  • (n) unit of equipment; rack[edict]
  • (n) (1) (abbr) (See 火曜) Tuesday; (2) (See 五行・1) fire (second of the five elements)[edict]
  • (suf,ctr) counter for loads (that can be carried on one's shoulders)[edict]
  • (n) (1) (arch) fruit; (suf,ctr) (2) counter for fruit[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) lesson; (2) section (in an organization); division; department; (ctr) (3) counter for lessons and chapters (of a book); (P)[edict]
  • (pref) (1) surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-; (2) per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)[edict]
  • (n) mosquito; (P)[edict]
  • (n) smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume[edict]
  • (n-suf) (1) day of month; (ctr) (2) counter for days[edict]
  • (n) ge (ancient Chinese dagger-axe)[edict]
  • (n) (1) condyle; (ctr) (2) (arch) counter for grains and small spheres[edict]
  • だれ
  • だれ(P);たれ(ok);た(ok)
  • (pn,adj-no) who; (P)[edict]
  • ใคร[longdojp]
  • (n) cawing (of a crow)[edict]
  • (prt) (fam) marks yes-no question; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (ksb[edict]
  • (prt) interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (abbr) (See かもしれない) may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly[edict]
  • (prt) (See か,よ) sentence-ending particle expressing doubt[edict]
  • (prt) (1) from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; (2) from (originator); (3) because; (4) out of (constituent, part); (5) through (e.g. window, vestibule); (6) after; since (following te-form verb); (P)[edict]
  • (suf) under (being in said condition or environment)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 化する) action of making something; -ification[edict]
  • (adj-na,n) beautiful; good; excellent[edict]
  • (n) (1) addition; increase; (2) (abbr) (See 加奈陀) Canada; (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair; (P)[edict]
  • (n) Xia (dynasty of China; perhaps mythological)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 政治家) -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.); -er[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) department; section; (2) (taxonomical) family; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (1) {Buddh} (See 因・2) phala (attained state, result); (2) {Buddh} (See 悟り・2) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); (3) (See 果物) fruit; (ctr) (4) counter for pieces of fruit[edict]
  • (n) unit of equipment; rack[edict]
  • (n) (1) (abbr) (See 火曜) Tuesday; (2) (See 五行・1) fire (second of the five elements)[edict]
  • (suf,ctr) counter for loads (that can be carried on one's shoulders)[edict]
  • (n) (1) (arch) fruit; (suf,ctr) (2) counter for fruit[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) lesson; (2) section (in an organization); division; department; (ctr) (3) counter for lessons and chapters (of a book); (P)[edict]
  • (pref) (1) surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-; (2) per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)[edict]
  • (n) mosquito; (P)[edict]
  • (n) smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume[edict]
  • (n-suf) (1) day of month; (ctr) (2) counter for days[edict]
  • (n) ge (ancient Chinese dagger-axe)[edict]
  • (n) (1) condyle; (ctr) (2) (arch) counter for grains and small spheres[edict]
  • (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even[edict]
  • (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P)[edict]
  • (suf) takes after (his mother)[edict]
  • (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun)[edict]
  • (num) two (used in legal documents)[edict]
  • สอง[longdojp]
雰囲気
  • ふんいき(P);ふいんき(ik)
  • (n) atmosphere (e.g. musical); mood; ambience; ambiance; (P)[edict]
似る
  • にる
  • (v1,vi) (1) to resemble; to look like; to take after; (2) to be similar (in status, condition, etc.); to be close; to be alike; to be like; (P)[edict]
てる
  • (v5r,vi) (1) to shine; (2) (from 面照る) (See 曇る・くもる・4) to look slightly upward (of a noh mask; indicating joy, etc.); (P)[edict]
  • (prt,conj) among other things; such things as; or something like that; (P)[edict]
  • (n) regular (stops at every station) Jouetsu-line Shinkansen[edict]
  • (prt) (1) even; (2) even if; even though; (3) because of; on the grounds that[edict]
  • (prt) indicates word or phrase being defined; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (sl) last (in a contest)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) certainly; of course; to be sure; surely; (2) even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); though; although; (3) (with neg. verb) without even; without so much as; (4) (after an adverb) (See 遅くとも) at the (least, earliest, etc.); (5) (sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と) (See と・1,と・2,と・3,と・4) emphatic particle; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r) (equiv. of -ている indicating continuing action as a verb ending; poss. contraction of -て ending + おる auxiliary verb) is being[edict]
  • (n) fatty, more expensive tuna meat; (P)[edict]
  • (adv-to,adv) (on-mim) tap; knock; bonk[edict]
  • (n) (1) (戸 only) (See 扉) door (esp. Japanese-style); (2) (arch) entrance (to a home); (3) (arch) narrows; (P)[edict]
  • (suf) person[edict]
  • (n) party; set; gang[edict]
  • (n) (1) (obs) to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres); (2) (See 枡形) square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); (3) (See 二十八宿) Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (P)[edict]
  • (n) way; (P)[edict]
  • (n,adj-no) metropolitan; municipal[edict]
思う
  • おもう
  • (v5u,vt) (1) (想う has connotations of heart-felt) to think; to consider; to believe; (2) to think (of doing); to plan (to do); (3) to judge; to assess; to regard; (4) to imagine; to suppose; to dream; (5) to expect; to look forward to; (6) to feel; to desire; to want; (7) to recall; to remember; (P)[edict]
てる
  • (v5r,vi) (1) to shine; (2) (from 面照る) (See 曇る・くもる・4) to look slightly upward (of a noh mask; indicating joy, etc.); (P)[edict]
ます
  • (n) (1) measuring container; measure; (2) box (seating at a theatre, etc.); (3) square on a grid; cell of a grid; (4) (斗 only) square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); (P)[edict]
  • (v5s,vi,vt) to increase; to grow; (P)[edict]
  • (aux-adj) (1) (after the -masu stem of a verb) want to ... do something; would like to ...; (prt) (2) (kyu[edict]
  • (exp) (abbr of ...ていたの) (See 乃・の・5,わ) (usu. sentence end) indicates emotion, admiration, emphasis, etc.[edict]
  • (aux-v) (after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc.) (See たり,たるや) (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of[edict]
  • (suf) (m-sl) (fam) (fem) (See ちゃん) (cute) suffix for familiar person[edict]
  • (n-adv,n,adj-no) other (esp. people and abstract matters); (P)[edict]
  • (n,pref) multi-; (P)[edict]
  • (n) rice field; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (positive sentence end) I dare say; (negative sentence end) though, honestly[edict]
  • (suf,v5r) (1) to feel (on adj-stem to represent a third party's apparent emotion); (2) to behave as if one were[edict]
  • (n) scree[edict]
  • (adv-to) (1) (on-mim) thump; thud (dull sound representing something being hit); (2) severe; difficult; hard[edict]
  • (n) (1) {Buddh} obstinacy; (2) atman; the self; the ego[edict]
  • (n) picture; drawing; painting; sketch[edict]
  • (n) moth[edict]
  • (n) (See 賀の祝) congratulation[edict]
  • (n,adj-na) (1) (ant[edict]
言う
  • いう(P);ゆう(P)
  • (v5u) (1) to say; (2) to call (i.e. to give a name); (P)[edict]
れる
  • (aux-v,v1) (1) (れる for 五段 verbs, られる for 一段. Follows the imperfective form of (v5) and (vs) verbs) (See 未然形,迷惑の受身・めいわくのうけみ) indicates passive voice (inc. the "suffering passive"); (2) (no imperative form. Infrequently used in modern Japanese, e.g. 歩ける is favoured over 歩かれる) (See ら抜き言葉・らぬきことば) indicates the potential form; (3) (no imperative form) indicates spontaneous occurrence; (4) (hon) (no imperative form) used as an honorific for others' actions[edict]
  • (conj) (col) (See と言うか) or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean[edict]
  • (prt) a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (also でも, っても) even if; even though; (int) (2) (abbr) (See さても) wow[edict]
  • (n) (1) (occ. pronounced た when a prefix) (See お手・おて・1) hand; arm; (2) (col) (See お手・おて・3) forepaw; foreleg; (3) handle; (4) hand; worker; help; (5) trouble; care; effort; (6) means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; (7) hand; handwriting; (8) kind; type; sort; (9) (See 手に入る) one's hands; one's possession; (10) (See 手に余る) ability to cope; (11) hand (of cards); (12) (See 山の手・1) direction; (P)[edict]
みる
  • (v1) (arch) to go around[edict]
  • (v1,vt) to look after (often medically); to take care of; (P)[edict]
  • (v1,vt) (1) to see; to look; to watch; to view; to observe; (2) (See 診る) to look over; to look on; to assess; to examine; to judge; (3) (uk) (See 看る) to look after; to keep an eye on; to take care of; (4) (usu. 観る) to view (e.g. flowers, movie); (5) (uk) (usu. after a conative verb as 〜てみる) to try; (6) (uk) (usu. after an aconative verb as 〜てみると, 〜てみれば, 〜てみたら, etc.) to see that...; to find that...; (P)[edict]
  • (v1,vt) to examine (medically); (P)[edict]
  • (conj) (col) (See と言うか) or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean[edict]
  • (prt) a sort of thing like; used after a phrase to modify the following noun[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (also でも, っても) even if; even though; (int) (2) (abbr) (See さても) wow[edict]
  • (n) (1) (occ. pronounced た when a prefix) (See お手・おて・1) hand; arm; (2) (col) (See お手・おて・3) forepaw; foreleg; (3) handle; (4) hand; worker; help; (5) trouble; care; effort; (6) means; way; trick; move; technique; workmanship; (7) hand; handwriting; (8) kind; type; sort; (9) (See 手に入る) one's hands; one's possession; (10) (See 手に余る) ability to cope; (11) hand (of cards); (12) (See 山の手・1) direction; (P)[edict]
ああ
  • (adv) (arch) caw (cry of a crow, etc.)[edict]
そうそう
  • (adv) (1) (uk) so long; so often; so many; so much; (int) (2) oh, yes!; that's right; hmmm[edict]
  • (n) facies[edict]
  • (n-suf,n-adv) (1) as soon as...; just after...; immediately after...; (adv) (2) (usu. as 早々に) hurriedly; in haste; quickly; promptly; early; (P)[edict]
  • (adj-na,int,n) (1) brevity; rudeness; hurry; (2) (letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.) (See 匆々・2) Yours Sincerely[edict]
  • (n,vs) beginning; inauguration[edict]
  • (n,vs,adj-no) (1) funeral; burial rites; (2) attendance at a funeral; (P)[edict]
  • (adj-na,adj-t,adv-to,n) (1) (arch) busy; hurried; rushed; (n,adj-na) (2) (letters ending with this start with 前略, 冠省, etc.) (See 草々・2) Yours Sincerely; Yours in haste[edict]
  • (adv-to,adj-t) (obsc) moving unsteadily; staggeringly[edict]
  • (adj-t,adv-to) (uk) eminent; distinguished[edict]
です
  • (exp) (pol) (See か・1) indicates question (sentence end)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (usu. ね) (sentence end) indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so; (int) (2) (usu. ねえ) hey; come on; (P)[edict]
  • (exp) (See ねばならない) if not ... (negative conditional)[edict]
  • (n) (1) root (of a plant); (2) root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); (3) root root (of all evil, etc.); source; origin; cause; basis; (4) one's true nature; (5) (fishing) reef; (P)[edict]
  • (n) first sign of Chinese zodiac (The Rat, 11pm-1am, north, November)[edict]
確か
  • たしか
  • (exp,n,adj-na) (1) certain; sure; definite; (adv) (2) if I'm not mistaken; if I remember correctly; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (as …たり…たり, after the ren'youkei forms of multiple verbs) -ing and -ing (e.g. "coming and going"); (2) (used adverbially) doing such things as...; (3) (as …たり…たり at sentence-end, after the ren'youkei forms of a repeated verb) expresses a command; (aux-v) (4) (たり only) (arch) (from とあり) (See たる) (after a noun) to be; (5) (たり only) (arch) (from 〜てあり, after the ren'youkei form of a verb) indicates completion or continuation of an action; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (fam) marks wh-question (what, where, who); (2) (chn) strengthens one's judgment or conclusion; (P)[edict]
  • (exp) if it's the case; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) even[edict]
  • (suf,prt) and; or; and the like; and so forth; and what not; (P)[edict]
  • (exp) (1) (See でしょう) seems; I think; I guess; I wonder; I hope; (2) don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (col) (abbr) (See 友達) friend[edict]
  • (n) undercut (of a machined edge)[edict]
  • (pref) (1) (See 駄文・1) poor; low-grade; trivial; insignificant; worthless; (n-suf,ctr) (2) (See 一駄) load; pack; horse load; (n) (3) packhorse[edict]
  • (n) dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching[edict]
TOP
  • (ทอพ) n. ส่วนบน,ยอด,บน,มุมบน,ข้างบน,ด้านบน,หลังคา,ฝา,ประทุน,หัว,ส่วนแรกสุด adj. บน,ยอด,สูงสุดยอดเยี่ยม,ดีเลิศ,ชั้นนำ,หัวหน้า vi. ขึ้นเหนือ,เพิ่ม,ติดตาม,ควบคุมได้สมบูรณ์ adj. บน,ยอด,สูงสุดยอดเยี่ยม,ดีเลิศ,ชั้นนำ,หัวหน้า on top ประสบความสำเร็จ,มีชัยชนะ[hope]
  • สุดยอด: เจ๋งเป้ง[lex2]
  • จุดสูงสุด: ตำแหน่งสูงสุด[lex2]
  • ด้านบน: พื้นผิวด้านบน[lex2]
  • ฝา: ที่ปิด[lex2]
  • เสื้อ (โดยเฉพาะของสตรี)[lex2]
  • ตำแหน่งหน้าที่หรือคนในตำแหน่งหน้าที่ที่สูงสุด[lex2]
  • ส่วนที่ดีที่สุด[lex2]
  • ส่วนเริ่มต้น[lex2]
  • ส่วนบนสุดของศีรษะ[lex2]
  • หลังคารถ[lex2]
  • สูงที่สุด: ที่ระดับสูงสุด[lex2]
  • ที่ประสบความสำเร็จสูงสุด: ที่มีคุณภาพดีที่สุด[lex2]
  • เสริมยอด: เพิ่มข้างหน้า[lex2]
  • เด็ดยอด: ขลิบ, เล็ม[lex2]
  • อยู่ในระดับต้นๆ[lex2]
  • ไปจนถึงยอด[lex2]
  • ลูกข่าง: ไม้หมุน[lex2]
  • (adj) สูงสุด,ข้างบน,เหนือกว่า,ยอดเยี่ยม[nontri]
  • (adv) อยู่เหนือ,อยู่บนยอด,ต่อยอด,เด็ดยอด[nontri]
  • (n) ยอด,ลูกข่าง,หลังคา,ฝา,ประทุนรถ,กระหม่อม,หัว,หัวกะทิ[nontri]
って
  • (prt) (abbr for というのは and other similar combinations) casual quoting particle; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) indicates emotional closeness or annoyance with someone; (2) indicates an indirect command by expressing annoyance (in sentence-final position)[edict]
こう
  • (n,n-suf) marquis; lord; daimyo; (P)[edict]
  • (n) season; weather[edict]
  • (n,suf) (1) public matter; governmental matter; (2) prince; duke; (n,n-suf) (3) lord; sir; (n-suf) (4) familiar or derogatory suffix (after a name, etc.)[edict]
  • (n) (1) merit; success; meritorious deed; (2) achievement; accumulated experience[edict]
  • (n) efficacy; benefit; efficiency; effect; result; success[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) pit (esp. of a mine)[edict]
  • (pref) good[edict]
  • (n-suf) (factory) worker[edict]
  • (pref) anti-[edict]
  • (n) (See 五更) one-fifth of the night (approx. 2 hours)[edict]
  • (suf) (1) school; (n,ctr) (2) proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs[edict]
  • (n) (1) (arch) large river (esp. the Yangtze); (2) (See 琵琶湖) Lake Biwa[edict]
  • (suf) harbour (in location names)[edict]
  • (n) (obsc) 10^32; hundred nonillion (American); (obs) hundred quintillion (British)[edict]
  • (n) (1) carapace; shell; (2) 1st in rank; grade A; (3) instep; back of hand; (4) the A party (e.g. in a contract); the first party; (P)[edict]
  • (n) hardness[edict]
  • (n) manuscript; version; draft; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (biological) class[edict]
  • (n) (1) thought; (n-suf) (2) report on one's investigation into ...; (3) deceased father[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) going; travelling (traveling); (2) type of classical Chinese verse (usu. an epic); (3) (arch) district (of similar merchants); guild; (suf,pref) (4) bank[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) (Buddhist) lecture meeting; (2) religious association; (3) mutual assistance association (i.e. for financial assistance)[edict]
  • (n) tribute[edict]
  • (n) (1) clause; paragraph; item; (2) {ling} argument; (3) {math} term; (4) (arch) (See 項・うなじ) nape (of the neck)[edict]
  • (suf) (1) (abbr) (See 高等学校) High (abbreviation of "High School" following a school's name); (pref) (2) (See 高レベル) high-[edict]
  • (adv) (1) (uk) (See ああ,然う,如何・どう) in this way (used for something or someone close to the speaker, including the speaker himself, or for the opinions of the speaker); thus; such; (int) (2) uh... (interjection used as a verbal pause); (P)[edict]
  • (v5u-s,vt) to beg; to ask; to request; to invite; (P)[edict]
  • (v5u-s,vt) to love[edict]
  • (n) (See 二十八宿) Chinese "Neck" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)[edict]
  • (n) (obsc) invasion; invader[edict]
  • (n) (See 卦) yao (line representing yin or yang that comprises one third of a trigram)[edict]
  • (n) death (of a nobleman, etc.)[edict]
感じ
  • かんじ
  • (n) feeling; sense; impression; (P)[edict]
です
  • (exp) (pol) (See か・1) indicates question (sentence end)[edict]
  • (aux-adj) (1) (after the -masu stem of a verb) want to ... do something; would like to ...; (prt) (2) (kyu[edict]
  • (exp) (abbr of ...ていたの) (See 乃・の・5,わ) (usu. sentence end) indicates emotion, admiration, emphasis, etc.[edict]
  • (aux-v) (after a noun, usu. as 〜たる者, etc.) (See たり,たるや) (those) who are; (that) which is; often used in relation to qualifications and requirements for a position; in the capacity of[edict]
  • (suf) (m-sl) (fam) (fem) (See ちゃん) (cute) suffix for familiar person[edict]
  • (n-adv,n,adj-no) other (esp. people and abstract matters); (P)[edict]
  • (n,pref) multi-; (P)[edict]
  • (n) rice field; (P)[edict]
  • (aux-v) (1) (non-五段 verbs, e.g. 食べよう) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation[edict]
  • (exp,prt) (compound particle used at sentence-end) ...isn't that right?[edict]
  • (adv,prt) (1) from; out of; since; at; (2) than; (3) other than; except; but; (4) more; (P)[edict]
  • (n) world; society; age; generation; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (arch) space between two nodes (on bamboo, etc.)[edict]
  • (n,suf) (1) (余 only) (also written as 餘) (See 以上・1) over; more than; (pn,adj-no) (2) (arch) formal or oratory first person pronoun; I[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (usu. ね) (sentence end) indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation, etc.; is it so; (int) (2) (usu. ねえ) hey; come on; (P)[edict]
  • (exp) (See ねばならない) if not ... (negative conditional)[edict]
  • (n) (1) root (of a plant); (2) root (of a tooth, hair, etc.); center (of a pimple, etc.); (3) root root (of all evil, etc.); source; origin; cause; basis; (4) one's true nature; (5) (fishing) reef; (P)[edict]
  • (n) first sign of Chinese zodiac (The Rat, 11pm-1am, north, November)[edict]