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この
  • (adj-pn) (uk) (See 何の・どの,此れ・1,其の・1,彼の) this (something or someone close to the speaker (including the speaker), or ideas expressed by the speaker); (P)[edict]
論文
  • ろんぶん
  • (n) thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article; (P)[edict]
で
  • (aux) (abbr) (arch) (See である) to be[edict]
  • (n) (sl) detective[edict]
  • (aux) (pol) (See だ・1) polite copula in Japanese; (P)[edict]
  • (conj,int) (See それでは) then; well; so; well then; (P)[edict]
  • (conj) (1) but; however; though; nevertheless; still; yet; even so; (prt) (2) even; (3) however; no matter how; even if; even though; (4) ... or something; (5) (as 〜でも〜でも) either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...; (pref) (6) (before an occupation, etc.) pseudo-; quack; in-name-only; (7) (before an occupation, etc.) (See でもしか) for lack of anything better to do; (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) coming out; going out; outflow; efflux; rising (of the sun or moon); (2) attending (work); appearing (on stage); one's turn to go on; (3) start; beginning; (4) origins; background; person (or item) originating from ...; graduate of ...; native of ...; member of ... (lineage); (5) architectural member that projects outward; (6) highest point of the stern of a ship; (7) (uk) (usu. after the -masu stem of a verb as 〜出がある or 〜出がない, etc.) amount (comprising something); amount of time or effort required to do something; (P)[edict]
は
  • (int) (1) (pol) yes; (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance); okay; (3) giddy-up; giddap; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,aux-v,suf) (hon) (ksb[edict]
  • (suf) (ksb[edict]
  • (n) tooth; (P)[edict]
  • (n) edge (of a knife or sword); (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) clique; faction; school; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (See 序破急) (in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song[edict]
  • (n) leaf; (P)[edict]
  • ใบไม้[longdojp]
交渉
  • こうしょう
  • (n,vs,adj-no) (1) negotiations; discussions; (2) connection; (P)[edict]
  • ต่อรอง[longdojp]
に
  • (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even[edict]
  • (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P)[edict]
  • (suf) takes after (his mother)[edict]
  • (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun)[edict]
  • (num) two (used in legal documents)[edict]
  • สอง[longdojp]
おく
  • (n) interior; inner part; inside; (P)[edict]
  • (num) 10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million; (P)[edict]
  • (v5k) to give up; to except[edict]
  • (v5k) (1) to put; to place; (2) to leave (behind); (3) (uk) to do something in advance (usu. following te-form verb); (P)[edict]
  • หนึ่งร้อยล้าน (100,000,000)[longdojp]
り
  • (n) advantage; benefit; profit; interest; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (arch) an official[edict]
  • (n) (1) reason; principle; logic; (2) {Buddh} (See 事・じ) general principle (as opposed to individual concrete phenomenon); (3) (in neo-Confucianism) the underlying principles of the cosmos; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (1) ri (old Japanese unit of distance, approx. 3.927km or 2.44 miles); (2) (See 郷里制,国郡里制) neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); (3) (See 条里制) unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m); (P)[edict]
  • (n) li (one of the trigrams of the I Ching[edict]
仲介者
  • ちゅうかいしゃ
  • (n) mediator; go-between; middleman[edict]
の
  • (prt) endorsing and questioning the preceding statement (sentence ending particle); lamenting reflections on the preceding statement (sentence ending particle)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) although; when; and yet; despite this; in spite of; even though; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless; for all that; notwithstanding that; (2) while; (3) if only; I wish; (4) I tell you; you should do; (5) in order to; (P)[edict]
  • (suf,prt) (literary equiv. of だけ) only; nothing but; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (See スラグ) slag[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (uk) (occasionally ん) indicates possessive; (2) verb and adjective nominalizer (nominaliser); (3) substituting for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (4) (often ん) indicates a confident conclusion; (5) emotional emphasis (sentence end) (fem); (6) indicates question (sentence end); (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (arch) possessive (used on tombs, etc.)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf,ctr) (after a number in the hito-, futa-, mi- counting system) unit of measurement for cloth breadth (30-38 cm)[edict]
  • (n) (1) (arch) shaft (of an arrow); (2) (arch) (See 矢竹・2) arrow bamboo (Pseudosasa japonica)[edict]
立場
  • たちば
  • (n) standpoint; position; situation; (P)[edict]
に
  • (prt) indicates location of action (formal literary form of "de"); at; in; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (See に,は) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (exp) also; too; not ... either; as well; even[edict]
  • (exp) (1) (also にゃあ) (See ねば) if not ... (negative conditional); (2) (See には) for (in regard to); in order to[edict]
  • (n) (1) load; baggage; cargo; freight; goods; (2) burden; responsibility; (P)[edict]
  • (suf) takes after (his mother)[edict]
  • (n) red earth (i.e. containing cinnabar or minium); vermilion; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (arch) soil (esp. reddish soil)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (abbr) (See 比丘尼) bhikkhuni (fully ordained Buddhist nun)[edict]
  • (num) two (used in legal documents)[edict]
  • สอง[longdojp]
関する
  • かんする
  • (vs-s) to concern; to be related; (P)[edict]
困難
  • こんなん
  • (adj-na,n) difficulty; distress; (P)[edict]
点
  • ちょぼ;ぼち;ぼつ;チョボ
  • てん
  • (n) (1) (uk) dot; point; mark; (2) (ちょぼ, チョボ only) (See 義太夫) gidayuu musicians (in kabuki)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) spot; mark; (2) point; dot; (3) mark (e.g. in exam); score; points; (ctr) (4) counter for goods or items; (P)[edict]
は
  • (int) (1) (pol) yes; (2) OK (used to get attention prior to an utterance); okay; (3) giddy-up; giddap; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,aux-v,suf) (hon) (ksb[edict]
  • (suf) (ksb[edict]
  • (n) tooth; (P)[edict]
  • (n) edge (of a knife or sword); (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) clique; faction; school; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (See 序破急) (in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song[edict]
  • (n) leaf; (P)[edict]
  • ใบไม้[longdojp]
何
  • なに(P);なん(P)
  • (int,pn,adj-no) (1) what; (pref) (2) (なん only) (See 何か月) how many (some counter); (n) (3) (col) euph. for genitals or sex; (P)[edict]
か
  • (n) cawing (of a crow)[edict]
  • (prt) (fam) marks yes-no question; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) (ksb[edict]
  • (prt) interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; (P)[edict]
  • (prt) (abbr) (See かもしれない) may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly[edict]
  • (prt) (See か,よ) sentence-ending particle expressing doubt[edict]
  • (prt) (1) from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; (2) from (originator); (3) because; (4) out of (constituent, part); (5) through (e.g. window, vestibule); (6) after; since (following te-form verb); (P)[edict]
  • (suf) under (being in said condition or environment)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 化する) action of making something; -ification[edict]
  • (adj-na,n) beautiful; good; excellent[edict]
  • (n) (1) addition; increase; (2) (abbr) (See 加奈陀) Canada; (P)[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) passable; acceptable; tolerable; fair; (P)[edict]
  • (n) Xia (dynasty of China; perhaps mythological)[edict]
  • (suf) (See 政治家) -ist (used after a noun indicating someone's occupation, pursuits, disposition, etc.); -er[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) department; section; (2) (taxonomical) family; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (1) {Buddh} (See 因・2) phala (attained state, result); (2) {Buddh} (See 悟り・2) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); (3) (See 果物) fruit; (ctr) (4) counter for pieces of fruit[edict]
  • (n) unit of equipment; rack[edict]
  • (n) (1) (abbr) (See 火曜) Tuesday; (2) (See 五行・1) fire (second of the five elements)[edict]
  • (suf,ctr) counter for loads (that can be carried on one's shoulders)[edict]
  • (n) (1) (arch) fruit; (suf,ctr) (2) counter for fruit[edict]
  • (n,n-suf) (1) lesson; (2) section (in an organization); division; department; (ctr) (3) counter for lessons and chapters (of a book); (P)[edict]
  • (pref) (1) surplus- (attaches to start of Sino-Japanese words); excess-; over-; (2) per- (chemical with more of a certain element than found in other compounds of the same constituents)[edict]
  • (n) mosquito; (P)[edict]
  • (n) smell (esp. a good smell); fragrance; scent; aroma; perfume[edict]
  • (n-suf) (1) day of month; (ctr) (2) counter for days[edict]
  • (n) ge (ancient Chinese dagger-axe)[edict]
  • (n) (1) condyle; (ctr) (2) (arch) counter for grains and small spheres[edict]
と
  • (prt,conj) among other things; such things as; or something like that; (P)[edict]
  • (n) regular (stops at every station) Jouetsu-line Shinkansen[edict]
  • (prt) (1) even; (2) even if; even though; (3) because of; on the grounds that[edict]
  • (prt) indicates word or phrase being defined; (P)[edict]
  • (n) (sl) last (in a contest)[edict]
  • (prt) (1) certainly; of course; to be sure; surely; (2) even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); though; although; (3) (with neg. verb) without even; without so much as; (4) (after an adverb) (See 遅くとも) at the (least, earliest, etc.); (5) (sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と) (See と・1,と・2,と・3,と・4) emphatic particle; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r) (equiv. of -ている indicating continuing action as a verb ending; poss. contraction of -て ending + おる auxiliary verb) is being[edict]
  • (n) fatty, more expensive tuna meat; (P)[edict]
  • (adv-to,adv) (on-mim) tap; knock; bonk[edict]
  • (n) (1) (戸 only) (See 扉) door (esp. Japanese-style); (2) (arch) entrance (to a home); (3) (arch) narrows; (P)[edict]
  • (suf) person[edict]
  • (n) party; set; gang[edict]
  • (n) (1) (obs) to (measure of volume, approx. 18 litres); (2) (See 枡形) square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); (3) (See 二十八宿) Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (P)[edict]
  • (n) way; (P)[edict]
  • (n,adj-no) metropolitan; municipal[edict]
問題
  • もんだい
  • (n) problem; question; (P)[edict]
を
  • (prt) (arch) (See を) marks object of action, etc. (also adds emphasis)[edict]
とる
  • (v5r,vt) (See 採る・2) to harvest (a crop)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) (1) to adopt (measure, proposal); (2) to pick (e.g. fruit); to catch (e.g. insects); to take (e.g. a sample); (3) to assume (attitude); (4) to take on (i.e. hire); to engage; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) (1) (esp. 撮る) to take (a photo); (2) (esp. 録る) to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film); (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) to take (trouble); to attend (to business); to command (army); (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) (1) to take; to pick up; to harvest; to earn; to choose; (2) (See 盗る) to steal; (3) (See 摂る) to eat; to have (a meal); (4) (also written as 脱る) to remove (one's glasses, etc.); (5) to compete (in sumo, cards, etc.); to play; (P)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) (See 取る・3) to have (lunch, etc.); to take (vitamins, etc.)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) (See 取る・2) to take (nuance of stealing)[edict]
  • (v5r,vt) to take; to catch (fish); to capture; (P)[edict]
あげる
  • (v1,vt) (1) (See 手を挙げる・1) to raise; to elevate; (2) (See 髪を上げる) to do up (one's hair); (3) to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to surface (a submarine, etc.); (4) to land (a boat); (5) (揚げる only) to deep-fry; (6) to show someone (into a room); (7) (揚げる only) (uk) to summon (for geishas, etc.); (8) to send someone (away); (9) to enrol (one's child in school) (enroll); (10) to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); (11) (See 声を上げる) to make (a loud sound); to raise (one's voice); (12) to earn (something desirable); (13) to praise; (14) (usu. 挙げる) to give (an example, etc.); to cite; (15) (usu. 挙げる) to summon up (all of one's energy, etc.); (16) (挙げる only) to arrest; (17) (挙げる only) to nominate; (18) (pol) to give; (19) to offer up (incense, a prayer, etc.) to the gods (or Buddha, etc.); (20) to bear (a child); (21) (usu. 挙げる) to conduct (a ceremony, esp. a wedding); (v1,vi) (22) (of the tide) to come in; (v1,vi,vt) (23) to vomit; (aux-v) (24) (uk) (pol) (after the -te form of a verb) to do for (the sake of someone else); (25) (See 作り上げる) (after the -masu stem of a verb) to complete; (26) (hum) (See 申し上げる・2) used after the -masu stem of a humble verb to increase the level of humility; (P)[edict]