- (v5r,vi) (1) (uk) to become; to get; to grow; to be; to reach; to attain; (2) to result in; to prove to be; (3) to consist of; to be composed of; (4) to succeed; to be complete; (5) to change into; to be exchanged for; (6) (See 成り済ます) to play a role; (7) to be promoted (shogi); (v5r) (8) (hon) (as お+masu-stem+になる, ご+noun+になる, etc.) to do ...; (P)[edict]
- (v5r,vi) (uk) to bear fruit; (P)[edict]
- (v5r,vi) to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble; (P)[edict]
- (aux-v) (1) (non-五段 verbs, e.g. 食べよう) indicates speculation; (2) indicates will; (3) indicates invitation[edict]
- (exp,prt) (compound particle used at sentence-end) ...isn't that right?[edict]
- (adv,prt) (1) from; out of; since; at; (2) than; (3) other than; except; but; (4) more; (P)[edict]
- (n) world; society; age; generation; (P)[edict]
- (n) (arch) space between two nodes (on bamboo, etc.)[edict]
- (n,suf) (1) (余 only) (also written as 餘) (See 以上・1) over; more than; (pn,adj-no) (2) (arch) formal or oratory first person pronoun; I[edict]