by (indicates passive-voice sentences or clauses); to cover; to wear[cedict]
免除
miǎn chúㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
to prevent; to avoid; to exempt sb (from duty); exempt from; exemption; immunity (from prosecution); to release sb (from obligation); to relieve sb (of a position); to remove (from office); to depose; to sack[cedict]