by means of; through; via; to adopt; to pass through; to get through; to switch over[cedict]
作為
zuò wéiㄗㄨㄛˋ ㄨㄟˊ
one's conduct; deed; activity; accomplishment; achievement; to act as; as (in the capacity of); qua; to view as; to look upon (sth as); to take sth to be[cedict]
軍事
jūn shìㄐㄩㄣ ㄕˋ
military affairs; military matters; military[cedict]
上
shàngㄕㄤˋ
on; on top; upon; first (of two parts); previous or last (week etc); upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; above; to go up; to attend (class or university); third tone of putonghua[cedict]
的
deㄉㄜ˙
díㄉㄧˊ
dìㄉㄧˋ
of; structural particle: used before a noun, linking it to preceding possessive or descriptive attributive[cedict]