all; both (if two things are involved); entirely (due to) each; even; already[cedict]
capital city; metropolis; surname Du[cedict]
掌握
zhǎng wòㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
to grasp (often fig.); to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency; to control; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny)[cedict]